Wilhelm Cold BrewThe Ledger
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What the oak
actually does.

Working notes on barrel aging, fermentation and extraction — the chemistry behind what ends up in the bottle, and the parts nobody has measured yet.

Research

Co-fermentation · 9 min read

What is Co-fermentation in Coffee?

Before coffee is roasted, the farmer has to turn a ripe cherry into a dry green bean, and that step is called processing. Co-fermentation is one way of doing it. Here is what it means, what the research supports, and how to read the label.

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This Week · 4 min read

The Willett barrel

Whose barrel this is, why an emptied whiskey barrel is nowhere near empty, what the oak actually has to give, and why the coffee goes in green.

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Barrel Aging · 7 min read

Does barrel-aged coffee contain alcohol?

An account of what a bourbon barrel actually contributes to coffee, why the roast resolves the alcohol question before the coffee is ever brewed, and where the published evidence runs out.

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In the works

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